
Israel Prize recipient: Prof. Ada Yonat:
(Apr. 17.2002)
The Israel Prize Laureates for the study of chemistry were announced this week - Prof. Ada
Yonat of Weizman Institute and Prof. Itamar Wilner of the Hebrew University. The prize
committee found 63-year old Prof. Yonat worthy of the prize "thanks to her studies in the field
of ribosome, which produce cell protein. Understanding the way in which ribosome produces
protein explains the connection between problems with proteins and the formation of disease,
thus contributing to their cure". Prof. Wilner, 55, was described as being worthy of the
prize "on account of his pioneering studies in the fields of molecular and
bio-molecular electronics and opto-electronics, developing new fields of science in
chemistry and nurturing a generation of scientists in industry and the academic
world".
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An Open Letter
On the 8th of March
Palestinian women call for Peace
Bloodshed and destruction do not bring peace.
Mutual recognition of each other's individual and collective rights
paves the way for peace making.
We, women at the Jerusalem Center for Women (JCW), call on the
Israeli community in general and Women in particular to stand against
occupation, oppression, war, apartheid, humiliation and poverty. It
is time to raise our voice loud and clear: There has been enough
bloodshed. Peace won't be achieved when pregnant Palestinian women
are killed at check-points, just as it won't be achieved through
military means or a different form of occupation.
We believe that true and just peace can be achieved, but only between
equals, a Palestinian state (in the territories occupied in 1967)
alongside the state of Israel. Only then will both people live in
security and dignity. A just and viable settlement is one that
endorses the sharing of the whole city of Jerusalem, the dismantling
of the settlements, a just solution to the Refugees' question, and
the total sovereignty over land including natural resources and
borders.
Today, we need one another more than ever before. We have to fight
for our children's life and freedom. We have to stand for morality
and we have to work for genuine peace and co-existence.
Let us start now with new women's vision and politics based on
respect for human rights and mutual trust. There has been enormous
suffering, hatred and dehumanization, and all should come to an end.
Women have been the most affected, yet the least involved in finding
solutions. Together we can break this vicious circle.
March 8, 2002
East Jerusalem, Palestine
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The Woman Who Translated the Haggadah into Italian
Y. Levine Katz,
Pub. In: Kolech (67, pp. 2-4)
The Italian Jewish learned poetess Rachel Morpurgo (1790-1871) devoted one of her
poems, written in 1851, to rabbi and educator Mayer Randegger (1780-1853) on the
occasion of his birthday. Rachel Morpurgo was a native of Trieste, but after her
marriage resided in Gorizia. Mayer Randegger was born in southern Germany, and
moved in the beginning of the nineteenth century to Trieste. He resided there for
thirty-five years. From 1808 he taught Shmuel David Luzzatto (Shadal), who was
Rachel's first cousin, German and French. He fulfilled a decisive role in the shaping
of several aspects of his scholarship. He left Trieste in the mid-1830s, returning in
1848, where he opened, together with his two daughters, Flora and Teresa, a private
girl's school.
The above-mentioned poem was first published in the Hebrew periodical Kokhevei
Yizhak and later in the collected writings of Morpurgo, Ugav Rachel. In the
introductory passage Morpurgo mentioned Mayer's daughter in connection with a
translation of the Passover haggadah that was published. Rachel wrote, among other
things, that when she saw the haggadah she “rejoiced in the joy of the Torah.”
Randegger's daughter is likewise mentioned in the opening paragraph to the poem.
This unnamed daughter is Flora (1824-1910), and the haggadah under discussion
was first published in 1851. A second printing was issued in 1853. In the first edition
it is stated on the title page that Mayer was the translator, but in the introduction it is
written that Flora carried out the translation, and he edited it. In the second edition
Flora wrote that she translated it.
In various sources we find that Sages translated portions of the haggadah while it
was being recited into the vernacular, inter alia, so that the women would be able to
comprehend. Concerning Rav Natronai Gaon it is said that he used to translate the
“Ma Nishtanah” for the members of his household. The practice of translating
portions of the haggadah is further mentioned in various sources from the period of
the rishonim. The translation of the haggadah by Flora is an example of a learned
woman who did so most probably so that it would be understood by all, men and
women alike. As far as it is known, this is the first translation of the haggadah into
Italian in Latin characters.
Flora settled twice in the Land of Israel. She first arrived in Israel in 1856, with the
intention of establishing an educational institution for girls that would combine
limmudei kodesh (religious studies) with secular education, which was to include the
study of European languages and agriculture. Several months after her arrival, she
met with Moses Montefiore, who promised to secure her a teaching position in a girl's
school in the city. This, however, did not materialize. Flora did not succeed in
carrying out her mission. She was one of the few women who settled in Israel as a
single. Six months after her arrival she married. However, the couple left Jerusalem
in the winter of 1858. They lived for nearly a year in Alexandria, and then returned to
Trieste.
Flora was invited in 1864 to serve as principal of a girl's school that was to be named
after Evelina de Rothschild, youngest daughter of Lionel de Rothschild, who died in
childbirth. However, the rabbis in Jerusalem issued an excommunication. Owing to
financial difficulties, social pressure and exposure to illness, the Friedenberg family
returned to Trieste a year after their arrival.
For more than twenty years, Flora wrote a diary in Italian. In 1869 she published the
two chapters dealing with her travels and stay in Israel. These memoirs were
published in 1982 in Hebrew translation. In them she wrote that, given the
appropriate opportunity and circumstances, she would have been willing to attempt
coming to the Land of Israel a third time.
Concerning Rachel Morpurgo herself it should be mentioned that she composed a
prayer of the “Mi she-berakh” type in which she expressed her hope that the
Passover offering would be resumed. During the nineteenth century various halakhic
discussions took place concerning the possibility of renewing the Passover offering,
even without the existence of the Temple itself. In her version of the prayer, she
invoked the matriarchs as well as the patriarchs. Following is a transliteration of the
Hebrew prayer as well as an English translation:
Mi she-berakh avotenu Avraham Yitzhak ve-Ya'akov Sarah Rivka Rachel ve-Leah yevarekh
et kol kehal adat Yisra'el vi-nizkeh vi-nichyeh vi-na'aleh le-hakriv pesachim al gabei
ha-mizbe'akh, semechim ve-sasim bi-vinyan beit mikdashenu bi-meherah bi-yameinu
Amen.
He Who Blessed our forefathers and foremothers, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, Sarah
Rebecca, Rachel and Leah, may He bless the entire congregation of Israel, and may
we merit that we live and ascend and offer Paschal sacrifices on the altar, exultant
and joyous in the rebuilding of the Temple, may it be speedily in our day, Amen.
This prayer is suitable to be recited in our time on one of the following occasions: at
the end of Birkat ha-Chodesh (the prayer for the blessing of the new month) for
Nissan; on Rosh Hodesh Nissan itself; on Shabbat ha-Gadol after the “Mi
she-berakh” prayer for the congregation; at the end of the recitation of Seder Korban
Pesah (order of Prayer of the Paschal offering) on the eve of Passover; at the seder
itself, perhaps at the meal, immediately after eating the matzah.
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